Night vision is typically monotone--everything the wearer can see is colored in the same hue, which is mostly shades of green. But by using varying wavelengths of infrared light and a relatively simple AI algorithm, scientists from the University of California, Irvine have been able to bring back some color into these desaturated images. Their findings are published in the journal PLOS ONE this week. Light in the visible spectrum, similar to an FM radio, consists of many different frequencies. Both light and radio are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

In mid-November, Moscow flexed its military muscle by test-launching a missile that struck a Russian satellite, to show that it can fight wars in space. The blast created a large debris field in low-Earth orbit that is expected to pose a threat to satellites and space activities for years to come. Russia is not the only country to have conducted such an anti-satellite missile test. The U.S., China and India have carried out similar tests in the past, and some countries are developing other means to disrupt an adversary's satellite operations, including by jamming their signals or using "killer satellites," the latter of which approach a target satellite and utilize a robotic arm or similar method to capture it and disable its functions. As the new space race escalates, protecting space assets has become vital to a nation's security and economy.

Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. What if an advancing Army armored unit were maneuvering through mountainous terrain to "close with an enemy" when it is suddenly hit and disabled by an incoming artillery attack ... because a small, hovering enemy drone finds its location and transmits an electronic signal back to an enemy firebase? With its location compromised, the unit is paralyzed by enemy fire and denied freedom of maneuver. However, what if the armored unit is able to change its location and obscure itself from enemy fire when an EW (Electronic Warfare) detection system finds the electronic signature emitting from the enemy drone, deconflicts it from friendly electromagnetic emissions and then "jams" the data link connecting the drone to its operators, immediately disrupting the enemies' ability to know the location, speed and direction of the attacking friendly force.

Diffractive deep neural network is an optical machine learning framework that blends deep learning with optical diffraction and light-matter interaction to engineer diffractive surfaces that collectively perform optical computation at the speed of light. A diffractive neural network is first designed in a computer using deep learning techniques, followed by the physical fabrication of the designed layers of the neural network using e.g., 3-D printing or lithography. Since the connection between the input and output planes of a diffractive neural network is established via diffraction of light through passive layers, the inference process and the associated optical computation does not consume any power except the light used to illuminate the object of interest. Developed by researchers at UCLA, diffractive optical networks provide a low power, low latency and highly-scalable machine learning platform that can find numerous applications in robotics, autonomous vehicles, defense industry, among many others. In addition to providing statistical inference and generalization to classes of data, diffractive neural networks have also been used to design deterministic optical systems such as a thin imaging system.

The subject of outer space has been making headlines of late thanks to the proposal by US President Donald Trump for a United States Space Force as a new branch of the US military. If the Space Force does materialise, it will become the sixth armed forces branch in the US, joining the Navy, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard. It also underscores the burgeoning importance of space in Earthly affairs. The Space Force will focus on national security, and preserving the satellites and vehicles that are dedicated to international communications and observation. Talk of the Space Force has been exciting news to fans of space-based science fiction such as Star Wars and military buffs alike, who imagine high-tech weaponry and elite soldiers doing battle in the wide and wondrous expanse of outer space.

NASA spacecraft typically rely on human-controlled radio systems to communicate with Earth. As collection of space data increases, NASA looks to cognitive radio, the infusion of artificial intelligence into space communications networks, to meet demand and increase efficiency. "Modern space communications systems use complex software to support science and exploration missions," said Janette C. Briones, principal investigator in the cognitive communication project at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. "By applying artificial intelligence and machine learning, satellites control these systems seamlessly, making real-time decisions without awaiting instruction." To understand cognitive radio, it's easiest to start with ground-based applications.

AT&T has revealed plans to roll out next generation 5G mobile internet in a dozen U.S. cities by the end of the year. If it hits the deadline, it would make the firm, which is America's second-largest wireless carrier, the first U.S. company to introduce the technology. New 5G networks are expected to provide speeds at least 10 times and up to maybe 100 times faster than today's 4G networks, depending on the type of systems used. However, AT&T refused to say where mobile 5G will be offered, what phone or phones the service will work on or the precise speeds consumers can expect. New 5G networks are expected to provide speeds at least 10 times and up to maybe 100 times faster than today's 4G networks, depending on the type of systems used.

NASA scientists are planning to use artificial intelligence to better manage the increasing communications between its spacecraft and the Earth. NASA spacecraft typically rely on human-controlled radio systems to communicate with Earth. Cognitive radio, the infusion of artificial intelligence into space communications networks, could meet demand and increase efficiency, researchers said. "Modern space communications systems use complex software to support science and exploration missions," said Janette C Briones, from the NASA's Glenn Research Center in the US. "By applying artificial intelligence and machine learning, satellites control these systems seamlessly, making real-time decisions without awaiting instruction," said Briones.

Ultra-fast mobile broadband could soon be with us, thanks to a prototype 5G network currently under development. The system uses small antennae to send data between two micro signal towers, either based on the ground or in the air, at high speed. This could overcome one of the key hurdles of 5G technology, by avoiding the need for huge masts to transmit signals above buildings and other obstacles. Ultra-fast mobile broadband could soon be with us, thanks to a prototype 5G network currently under development. The Samsung-US network relies on small multi-directional antennas for line-of-sight connections.

IBM researchers revealed their five big predictions for innovations that will change our lives in the next five years. Dubbed IBM 5 in 5, the predictions were culled from more than 3,000 researchers across 12 labs on six continents. These predictions focus on the future of artificial intelligence and mental health, AI-based superhero vision, macroscopes that capture the Earth's complexity, medical labs on a chip, and smart sensors that will detect environmental pollution. Innovations in these areas could enable us to dramatically improve farming, enhance energy efficiency, spot harmful pollution before it's too late, and prevent premature physical and mental health decline. "The scientific community has a wonderful tradition of creating instruments to help us see the world in entirely new ways.